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Solar thermal

Solar heat can contribute to hot-water production and building heating demand. Collectors, storage and controls are selected together, based on intended use and installation conditions.

01

Solar thermal applications

Collectors heat a fluid that transfers energy to a storage system. Domestic hot water is the most common use, in homes and facilities with regular demand. Solar heat can also support space heating or other thermal loads where the required temperatures and demand make integration suitable.

02

Flat-plate and evacuated-tube collectors

Technology selection considers climate, required temperature, area and architectural integration. Models should be compared using their performance under the conditions expected in the project.

  • Flat-plate collectors: an absorber behind a glazed cover transfers heat to the fluid.
  • Evacuated-tube collectors: the vacuum limits heat losses; some configurations use CPC reflectors to capture radiation.
03

Natural or forced circulation

Component arrangement and intended use determine the circuit type. Complete kits or tailored configurations can be assessed.

  • Natural circulation: density differences drive fluid circulation; the tank position relative to the collectors is essential.
  • Forced circulation: a controlled pump circulates the fluid, allowing greater flexibility in tank placement.
04

Sizing and thermal storage

Collector area and storage volume should match the quantity and timing of hot-water use. Oversized systems may produce unused heat in summer. Design also considers orientation, shading, pipe losses, insulation, available space and integration with the existing heat source.

05

A complete system

Alongside collectors, a project includes tanks and heat exchangers, circulation units, controllers and sensors, protection devices and mounting structures. Controls coordinate solar input and supplementary heat. Components must suit circuit temperatures and operating conditions, including frost protection and management of excessive heat.

06

Heating integration and solar cooling

The contribution to space heating depends on solar availability and the temperatures required by the heating system. Solar cooling uses heat to drive absorption equipment. This requires a specific study of loads, temperatures, storage and heat rejection, particularly for users with substantial summer demand.

07

Checks and project information

Operation includes checking the heat-transfer fluid, pressure, circulation and controls according to component instructions. Useful information for an initial assessment includes user numbers, hot-water consumption and timing, the existing heat source, required temperatures and space for collectors and tanks.

08

LV Energy in La Valletta Brianza

Our office is in La Valletta Brianza, in the province of Lecco, Italy. For a project in Brianza, the Lecco area or elsewhere, contact us with the location and requirements so we can assess a solution and delivery arrangements.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

How many solar thermal collectors are needed for a household?

For domestic hot water alone, a typical benchmark is 1 to 1.5 m² of collector area and 50 to 80 litres of storage per person, adjusted for exposure and collector type. Space heating integration requires a site-specific thermal calculation.

Should I choose flat-plate or evacuated-tube collectors?

Flat-plate collectors are durable and cost-effective for domestic hot water in most residential settings. Evacuated-tube collectors reduce heat loss in colder climates or when higher operating temperatures are required.

Does a solar thermal system work in winter?

Yes, with lower output than in summer. During colder months, the boiler, biomass stove, or heat pump supplements solar production automatically via the system controller.

CONTACT

Discuss your project.

Tell us about your requirements and installation site so we can identify a suitable solution to assess.

Contact us